a borítólapra  Súgó epa Copyright 
Applied Ecology and Environmental ResearchVol. 9. No. 3. (2011.)

Tartalom

  • Borítóen [219.37 kB - PDF]EPA-02583-00024-0010
  • Abstract: Investigations were carried out in wet and dry pasture. Coenological recordings were taken in three zones. The first zone (“A”) located 0-50 m near the stable, second zone (“B”) located 50-150 m from the stable, while the third zone (“C”) located farther than 150 m. We have carried out analyses of ecological and environmental factors and life form types. Based on our results for both dry and wet grasslands, quadrates of “A” zone were well isolated from the rest of the zones. Overgrazing, which involves considerable trampling, vanishes differences among vegetations, thereby promotes weed and disturbance tolerant rich vegetation. The lowest species number and diversity could be found here. Due to the nitrogen enrichment due to the constant presence of livestock, drier and less heat demanding habitat developed in the “A” zones, according to the environmental indicators. Because of the change in management, conservation and diversity values of “C” zone increased, however, according to nature protection values it underperformed compared to “B” zone. According to the sample area, wet grasslands from the sandy areas of Kiskunság, preserve nature protection values and grass composition better moving away from stables, due to less grazing pressure. Drier backgrounds tolerate stronger grazing pressure.

    Keywords: indicator value, ecological values, grassland maintain, nature conservation Kiskunság

  • E. Nevo ,
    S. Barinova ,
    E. Lipkovsky :

    Abstract: Algal vegetative activity and intensity of self purification processes were determined via a two stage in vitro artificial substrates (glass slides) occupation experiment, conducted during winter 2006- 2007 and summer 2007 in the streams of the Upper Jordan River Basin. Daily measurement of temperature, conductivity, mineralization and pH were performed. Once a week algal species where identified, snd their Abundance (cells/cm2), Cell volumes (μm3/cm2) and richness of species (taxa encountered/600 algal cells) tabulated for each taxon. Algal communities where richer in the summer in all stations and contained mainly Diatoms or Diatoms/green algae mix. Only the Banias station winter community was dominated by the green algae. Highest self-purification activity was observed during the summer in the upper part of the basin (Banias station). Species richness grew with anthropogenic influence and self-purification intensity. Self-purification proceeded faster in conditions of high temperature and solar radiation. The Shannon index positively correlated with species richness in both winter and summer experiments. The artificial colonization of substrates by algae took 2-3 weeks; formation of small celled green algae encouraged by high temperatures and solar radiation conditions increased colonization speed in the summer. Statistically significant factors influencing algal activity were found to be pH and Total Dissolved Solids concentration.

    Keywords: Upper Jordan River, artificial substrate, in vitro experiment, season, Israel

  • Csathó P. ,
    Árendás T. ,
    Fodor N. ,
    Máthéné Gáspár G. :
    To ban or not to ban February fertilization in Hungary?245-252en [220.13 kB - PDF]EPA-02583-00024-0040

    Abstract: At present, it is allowed to apply fertilizers starting from 1st of February in Hungary. According to a proposal of the EU this date would be moved to 1st of March. Regarding this issue the following question could be formulated: Does the earlier starter fertilization increase the risk of nitrate leaching significantly? Experimentally, this question could not be answered within the available timeframe. The only scientific tool that is able to handle this problem is a crop simulation model. The 4M crop simulation model was used for answering the above question. The required weather, soil, plant and agrotechnical data were provided for the model using the available Hungarian databases. Three scenarios differing only in the date of the first spring fertilization were compared. According to the results the amount of nitrate leaching does not increase as the date of the first spring fertilization moves from the end of February to the beginning of the month, thus there is no need for extending the fertilization prohibition period. Leaving the prohibition period as it is today will not increase the risk of contaminating the subsurface water reservoirs due to nitrate leaching.

    Keywords: fertilization prohibition period, nitrate leaching, crop model, decision support

  • G. P. Sharma ,
    A. S. Raghubanshi :

    Abstract: Invasion of lantana (Lantana camara L.) in dry deciduous forest is capable of causing changes in micro sites (soil properties and species composition) in which they invade. As lantana is most conspicuous invader in the Vindhyan dry deciduous forests of India. We analyzed the effect of this invasive species on the composition of herbaceous layer and on soil properties. Habitats with different level of canopy cover were analyzed. And the canopy cover was significantly related to the lantana cover. Results indicate that different levels of lantana cover affect soil properties and herbaceous species composition. We found as the lantana cover increases some of the species get locally extinct and some are favored by lantana invasion. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ordination indicated that the quadrates with nil and differently covered lantana were unique with herb species composition, especially the sites with no lantana cover had native species which were not present in site with differently covered lantana. The distinctness of herb species composition is indicative of marked spatial dynamics with regard to nil and differently covered lantana. Concentration of organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly higher in habitats having large lantana cover. Thus we may conclude that lantana modifies the spatial pattern of herbaceous plant species and the nutrient levels of soil.

    Keywords: Lantana camara, local extinction, soil properties, species composition

  • Szabó Z. ,
    Szenteleki K. ,
    Gaál M. ,
    Mézes Z. :

    Abstract: Production possibilities and risks of a given plant are basically determined by climatic factors. Expected future climate is modelled by several climate scenarios. In this study results of the RegCM3 model downscaled to the Carpathian Basin were used. This paper focuses on the climatic conditions of cherry production in Central Hungary in three time periods: 1961-1990 as a base, 2021-2050 as the near future and 2071-2100 for the long-term analysis. Results show that in the near future fruit cracking risk could be higher, but in overall the expected changes are mostly favourable for cherry production. By the end of the century irrigation may be required for the secure and quality cherry production. It is also advised to re-evaluate the varieties according to the indicated changes, as a new orchard planted nowadays will have many productive years in the second period.

    Keywords: climate change, cherry production, adaptation, fruit cracking, year types

  • Nirmal Kumar ,
    Cini Oommen :

    Abstract: A limnological investigation was carried out in Tropical Community Wetland, Kanewal, Gujarat, India from June 2007 to May 2008. Water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, secchi depth, total solids and total dissolved and suspended solids, free carbon dioxide, phenolphthalein alkalinity, total alkalinity, carbonates, bicarbonates, total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride, phosphate, sulphate and nitrate and phytoplankton composition were investigated during the study period. Correlation coefficients were calculated among the various physicochemical variables and phytoplankton groups. Sulphate and nitrate both showed a positive correlation with phosphate. However, dissolved oxygen showed a negative correlation with phosphate, sulphate and nitrate at both the sites. Pearson Product Analysis for phytoplankton at the two sites was performed and it showed a high significance of Bacillariophyceae members between both the sites than other two groups. A total of 45 species were identified belonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae but members of Euglenophyceae were found to be absent indicating a lesser degree of organic pollution. Moreover, species of Bacillariophyceae were recorded to be the most occurred group compared to others throughout the study which shows relatively unpolluted nature of wetland.

    Keywords: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, wetland

  • Abstract: In the course of anaerobic sludge treatment (digestion) biogas can be acquired from the sludge, its use for energetic purposes has a determinative significance in a wastewater treatment plant. The biogas, produced in the course of decomposition, covers – among others – a considerable portion of the heat- and electric energy consumption in a wastewater treatment plant, thus an increase of the biogas volume is an outstanding task. It is possible to increase the biogas volume if the anaerobic digestion processes are thoroughly well known. The anaerobic digestion process is determined by temperature, substrate composition, loading, and also by toxic substances that might be present. In our experimental work the thermophilic and mesophilic full scale anaerobic bioreactors of a communal sewage treatment plant were tested by applying usual control parameters and enzyme activity tests.

    Keywords: anaerobic fermentation, thermophilic, mesophilic, biogas

  • Puskás J. ,
    Nowinszky L. :

    Abstract: The study deals with the change of light-trap catch of the Turnip Moth (Agrotis segetum Den. et Schiff.), in connection with the horizontal component of geomagnetic field and the moon phases. The numbers of specimens caught by generation relative catch values were calculated. These hourly relative catch data were assigned to the hourly values of horizontal component of geomagnetic field. They were separated by the moonlit and moonless hours of the four quarter of the Moon (New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter) were classified. We correlated the hourly catch results pertaining to the hourly values of both the horizontal component and moonlit or moonless hours of four moon quarters. After that we made correlation calculations to demonstrate the assumed connection. Our calculations have shown that in the period of the New Moon when there is no measurable moonlight, the higher values of the horizontal component are accompanied by a falling relative catch. In the other moon phases, i.e. in the First Quarter, Full Moon and the Last Quarter, growing values of the horizontal component are accompanied by an increasing catch in both the moonlit and moonless hours.

    Keywords: geomagnetic field, lunar month, insects