a borítólapra  Súgó epa Copyright 
Applied Ecology and Environmental ResearchVol. 8. No. 1. (2010.)

Tartalom

  • Borítóen [156.94 kB - PDF]EPA-02583-00018-0010
  • J. A. Johnson ,
    M. Arunachalam :

    Abstract: The present study, the influence of habitat structure on fish assemblages were assessed in fifteen selected streams of Western Ghats, India. Each stream 100m reach was quantified for depth, flow, velocity, fish cover, percentage of pool and riffle and fish density. Highest mean velocity (0.4 m/sec.) was recorded in Thalanai stream and deeper habitats were found in Kallar stream. High species diversity was found in Achankoil stream (H’=1.15) and low species diversity was recorded in Hanumannadhi stream (H’ = 0.71). The physical habitat structure (depth, current and substrate) and cover complex were evaluated by using Evenness index (H’/H’max). High diverse of physical habitat complex were encountered in Gugalthurai stream (E=2.8) and high value of cover complex was encountered in Sirkuli stream. Regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between habitat variables and fish abundance in all the sites and the cover complex values is not significantly correlated with abundance.

    Keywords: fish assemblage, stream habitats, Western Ghats, India

  • S. A. Shami ,
    M. R. Che ,
    M. N. Siti ,
    A. Abu :

    Abstract: Physico-chemical parameters of the rice field water of Bukit Merah Agricultural Experimental Station (BMAES), Penang, Malaysia were investigated during two cultivation seasons of 2004/2005. The selected variables showed wide ranges of variation. Except for total organic matter (TOM) and total suspended solid (TSS), the values of all variables were significantly different at all sampling occasions. Most of the physico-chemical parameters showed significant relationship to the water level either in the presence of rice plant or after harvesting of the crop. The rice agroecosystem is a complex ecosystem due to the interaction of aquatic organisms, including algae and macrophytes. This unique swampy ecosystem is usually disrupted during ploughing, drainage, harvesting and application of fertilizers and pesticides. It was concluded that the agricultural activities in this rice field contributed effectively in creating the wide variations in the values of physico-chemical parameters.

    Keywords: water parameters, rice field ecosystem, agricultural activities

  • E. Nevo ,
    S. Barinova ,
    M. Tavassi ,
    H. Glassman :
    Algal indication of pollution in the Lower Jordan River, Israel19-38en [1.75 MB - PDF]EPA-02583-00018-0040

    Abstract: The Lower Jordan River is one of the most polluted in Israel. We used algal bio-indicators to monitor pollution levels in the dry and rainy seasons in order to assess a self-purification capacity of the aquatic ecosystem. We used 135 species of algae and cyanobacteria as indicators of pH, salinity, and organic pollution. The indices of saprobity (S and EPI), river pollution, RPI, and toxicity, BI testify to a greater anthropogenic impact in the lower section, partly owing to influx of pollutants with rain water during the wet season. The aquatic ecosystem state index (WESI) indicates low self-purification activity of biotic communities in this part of the river flow. Multiple Regression Analysis highlighted salinity and trophic elements as the major impact factors for algal diversity. A combination of bio-indication metod, including new integral indices and statistic analysis, and bioassey were found most efficient for monitoring of river ecosystems in Israel.

    Keywords: Lower Jordan River, water quality, algal bio-indication, season, Israel

  • D. Rocchini ,
    Csontos P. ,
    V. Amici ,
    F. Geri ,
    M. Neteler :

    Abstract: Forests are among the most important habitats of the Earth for several ecological reasons and their management is a prior task when dealing with landscape conservation. Thematic maps and remote sensing data are powerful tools to be used in landscape planning and forest management; nevertheless, most of the European and Mediterranean forest monitoring and conservation programs do not take into account the continuity of the variation of habitats within the landscape but they only rely on boolean classification methods. The utilisation of a classification method that applies a continuity criterion is fundamental because it is expected to better represent the ecological gradients within a landscape. The aim of this paper is to assess the amount of classification uncertainty related to crisp (boolean) classes, particularly focusing on forest identification uncertainty. Forest fuzzy membership of the Tuscany region (Italy) derived from a Landsat ETM+ image scene was compared with the widely used crisp datasets in European forests management and conservation practices, i.e. the European JRC Forest/Non-Forest map, the CORINE Land Cover 2000 (levels 1 and 2), as well as the Global Land Cover 2000, in order to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the separability of crisp classes with respect to forest fuzzy membership. A statistically significant (p 0.001) forest fuzzy membership separability among the considered crisp classes was found. Despite the crisp dataset and hierarchical level taken into account, both forest and non-forest crisp classes showed a high degree of forest fuzzy membership variability. Therefore, given the intrinsic mixture of crisp land cover classes, ecological studies on forestal ecosystems should rigorously take into account the classification uncertainty related to a crisp view of ecological entities which are being mapped.

    Keywords: biodiversity, classification uncertainty, forest conservation, forest management, fuzzy set theory, remote sensing

  • Puskás J. ,
    Nowinszky L. ,
    Petrányi G. :

    Abstract: Based on many years of light trap catch data by the Hungarian Light Trap Network and other traps, we have examined the relationship between the emergence of the adult broods of insects and lunar phases. The summarized results of adult brood emergences were plotted against 30 phase angle divisions, our special dividing method of the lunation also used in our previous works. We have found that the emergence of the adult brood of several Macrolepidoptera and Coleoptera species is associated with a special lunar phase, most often with the Last Quarter.

    Keywords: insects, moon phases, first specimen of generation

  • Hufnagel L. ,
    Gergócs V. ,
    Garamvölgyi Á. :

    Abstract: Several methods and indicators can be used to evaluate the coenological state of a given habitat, the ones which can be created simply, quickly, standardizably and reliably can be of outstanding practical importance in environmental biology. One possible method is listing the genera which can be found in a given habitat in great abundance and have little number of species and various ecological characteristics. For this purpose one of the most appropriate groups is that of ground-dwelling oribatid mites. In our research the indication strength of genus-level taxon lists and the effects of the main patterngenerating factors creating similarity patterns were analysed with the help of data series on oribatid mites collected by us and originating from literature. Our aim was to develop a method with the help of which the difference expressed with distance functions between two oribatid mite genus lists originating from any sources can correspond to spatial and temporal scales. With the help of this base of comparison changes in disturbed or transformed habitats can be expressed by means of oribatid mite communities, with spatial and temporal distances.

    Keywords: oribatid mite, genus list, family list, distance function, indication, pattern generation

  • A. Yudhistra ,
    M. Vikram :

    Abstract: Municipal sewage both untreated and treated, that pollutes the water bodies was used growing Casuarinas (Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. and Forst.), an exotic bio-shield tree species on sandy soil at Kalpakkam on the East Coast of Indian peninsula; it may help in reducing aquatic pollution as well as in preventing the high tides like Tsunami. Significant increase in growth performance in plant-height, branches, root length and the biomass was recorded in the saplings irrigated with untreated municipal raw sewage (RS) and treated sewage (TS) compared to that irrigated with unpolluted potable water (PW) over a period of 13 months, October 2005 to October 2006. These growth parameters showed close relationship with the nutrient contents of municipal RS, TS and PW, the former being characterized by relatively higher pH, electrical conductivity (μs/cm), total dissolved solids, total suspended solid, total hardness, chloride, sulphate, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonates, total alkanity, nitrate, phosphate and carbonates (mg/l) compared to that of the TS and PW indicating profound influence of municipal sewage on the plant growth.

    Keywords: Casuarinas; growth; municipal raw sewage; treated sewage