a borítólapra  Súgó epa Copyright 
Applied Ecology and Environmental ResearchVol. 6. No. 4. (2008.)

Tartalom

  • Borítóen [293.80 kB - PDF]EPA-02583-00013-0010
  • E. Kipp :

    Abstract: Global temperatures have increased 0.6 °C over the past century; however regional temperatures have shown greater fluctuations. Since local environmental conditions vary along latitudinal clines, latitude has become an essential component in projecting plant response to warming. Three ecotypes of Arabidopsis were selected from varying latitudes in order to investigate heat stress within an ecotype and project potential effects across a gradient. Control and heat stressed groups received 12 hour photoperiods. Control plants were grown at 2.7/22.7 °C day/night mean temperatures and heat stressed plants were grown at 22.7/29 °C day/night mean temperatures. Plants were quantified and harvested 35 days after sowing. The number of rosette leaves, flower buds, and fruits resulted in significant differences both between control and heat stressed plants of the same ecotype and also across ecotypes. Heat overwhelmingly resulted in a quantitative decrease across all parameters, including overall plant size, with the exception of flowers in ecotype 902. And even though the heat stressed 902 plants flowered while the control group plants did not, neither produced fruit. Thus, heat adversely affects growth and development as well as reproductive success in Arabidopsis.

    Keywords: Arabidopsis, global warming, heat stress

  • S.P. Raghuvanshi ,
    A.K. Raghav ,
    A. Chandra :
    Renewable energy resorces for climate change mitigation15-27en [130.01 kB - PDF]EPA-02583-00013-0030

    Abstract: Climate change has been identified as one of the greatest challenge by all the nations, government, business and citizens of the globe. The threats of climate change on our green planet ‘Earth’ demands that renewable energy share in the total energy generation and consumption should be substantially increased as a matter of urgency. India’s energy development programme has been put under severe pressure with the ever-increasing demand supply gap. Due to predominance of fossil fuels in the generation mix, there are large negative environmental externalities caused by electricity generation. So it has become imperative to develop and promote alternative energy sources that can lead to sustainability of energy and environment system. Renewable electricity has become synonymous with CO2 reduction. Present communication provides a brief description about such alternative and sustained energy sources, i.e., renewable energy resources, their potential and achievements in India. Also role as important tool for climate change mitigation.

    Keywords: Renewable energy, GHGs, Climate change, Carbon dioxide, mitigation

  • S. Barinova ,
    L. Medvedeva ,
    E. Nevo :

    Abstract: In our study we investigated two polluted rivers of Eurasia from silicate and carbonate regions. We revealed an algal diversity consisting of 184 algal species and cyanoprokaryotes in the Rudnaya River, and 175 in the Qishon River. The distributions of species over the 7 higher taxa were very similar for both rivers with diatom prevealing. Bioindicational analysis in respect salinity, acidification, oxygenation, and organic pollution show that the water is cleaner and the diversity is higher in the Rudnaya River than in the Qishon River. The indices of saprobity S ranged similar. The impact of pollution on Rudnaya River increases downstream. In tha case of Qishon River, the impact of pollution decreases downstream.As a result of CCA, we revealed biosensors group sensitive to borates and fluorides in the case of Rudnaya River and these were: Ankistrodesmus acicularis, A. angustus, Scenedesmus acuminatus, Lyngbya kuetzingii, Neidium ampliatum, and Sellaphora rectangularis. In the case of Qishon River, Audouinella pygmaea, Characium ornithocephalum, and Chamaesiphon amethystinus were found as biosensor species. We found that algal biodiversity is more sensitive to technogenic pollution in the silicate province being more tolerant to the same organic pollutants in the carbonate province. Therefore, the combination of bioindicational methods and statistics are effective for determination of the main factors influencing algal diversity, indicators or biosensing species for the most important environmental variables.

    Keywords: CCA, algal biodiversity, ecology, Russia, Israel

  • V. Güldal ,
    H. Tongal :
    Cluster analysis in search of wind impacts on evaporation69-76en [116.79 kB - PDF]EPA-02583-00013-0060

    Abstract: Clustering deals with finding a structure in a collection of uncategorized data and can be examined the most important unsupervised learning problem and the other problems as kind of this. The aim of this study is to cluster the monthly evaporation losses with the monthly winds speed and wind blow number of Egirdir Lake, one of the most important fresh water storage of Turkey. For this aim, wind speed and evaporation data also wind blow number depend on hourly and daily mean records measured in Egirdir Lake Catchment, are used. In the clustering analysis of the data, as a non-parametric approach hierarchical clustering algorithm was successfully applied at different similarity stages.

    Keywords: Clustering analysis, hierarchical clustering algorithm, Egirdir Lake, wind speeds and blow number, evaporation

  • I. Komlósi :

    Abstract: Heritabilities and genetic correlations between weaning weight (WW) and average daily gain (ADG) for the Hungarian Merino, Ile de France, Charollais, German Mutton Merino, German Blackheaded, Texel, Fleisch Merino and Suffolk were studied. The selection of replacements is based on the two traits. The amount of records provided by the Hungarian Sheep Breeder’s Association and by the Hungarian Agriculture Department varied by breeds (462-124680). The general linear model included sex, birth type and age of dam as fixed effects, while maternal permanent environment, the birth flockyear- season and animal genetic effect as random effects. The heritability of WW varied between 0.09±0.02 and 0.62±0.09, for ADG it varied between 0.16±0.01 and 0.28±0.01. The rg varied between - 0.10±0.02 and 0.44±0.09. The permanent environmental variance ratio varied between 0.009±0.007 and 0.06±0.01. The models and parameters calculated by the REML method varied by breeds that necessitates a separate genetic evaluation by breeds

    Keywords: weaning weight, average daily gain, heritability, genetic correlation, sheep

  • A. Révész :
    Stochastic behaviour of heat waves and temperature in Hungary85-100en [220.28 kB - PDF]EPA-02583-00013-0080

    Abstract: One of the adverse effects of climate change is the proliferation of heat waves. Our investigations show that according to the most widely accepted climate change scenarios heat waves are expected to be essentially longer and hotter than in the past. It might happen that events we now define as heat waves last through entire summer. Although it will not be general, the length and intensity of present heat waves could also multiply. Based on data provided by some global circulation models, we might be face an event that exceeds the hottest heat waves of the 20th century by as much as 12°C. This study also offers a survey of the methodology of heat wave definition. Besides traditional calculations, we present two unconventional methods by introducing minimum and maximum temperature heat waves. We show in what points this approach is different from those usually adopted and what extra information it may offer. As an extension of the usual studies, with considering the length of events, we analyse the development of two variants – temperature and duration – and, as a result, classify the extreme heat events according to both length and intensity.

    Keywords: Duration of heat waves, frequency of heat waves, distribution of heat waves, minimum and maximum temperature heat waves

  • Abstract: Climate change is one of the most crucial ecological problems of our age with great influence. Seasonal dynamics of aquatic communities are — among others — regulated by the climate, especially by temperature. In this case study we attempted the simulation modelling of the seasonal dynamics of a copepod species, Cyclops vicinus, which ranks among the zooplankton community, based on a quantitative database containing ten years of data from the Danube’s Göd area. We set up a simulation model predicting the abundance of Cyclops vicinus by considering only temperature as it affects the abundance of population. The model was adapted to eight years of daily temperature data observed between 1981 and 1994 and was tested successfully with the additional data of two further years. The model was run with the data series of climate change scenarios specified for the period around 2070- 2100. On the other hand we looked for the geographically analogous areas with the Göd region which are mostly similar to the future climate of the Göd area. By means of the above-mentioned points we can get a view how the climate of the region will change by the end of the 21st century, and the way the seasonal dynamics of a chosen planktonic crustacean species may follow this change. According to our results the area of Göd will be similar to the northern region of Greece. The maximum abundance of the examined species occurs a month to one and a half months earlier, moreover larger variances are expected between years in respect of the abundance. The deviations are expected in the direction of smaller or significantly larger abundance not observed earlier.

    Keywords: Cyclops vicinus, geographical analogy, hydrobiology, simulation modelling

  • L. Tolner :

    Abstract: The nutrient and toxic compounds can be adsorbed on the surface of soil colloids. Investigating the adsorption of some pesticide compounds, instead of the simply asymptotic Langmuir isotherm multistep isotherms can be obtained. In these cases a new layer is formed after the surface saturation, however, this mechanism can be described by using a new Langmuir-type isotherm. The adsorption of some compounds led to three superposition steps. The mathematical form is a nonlinear function with 8 parameters. The parameters were determined by a robust, direct optimum searching subroutine carried out by Visual basic macro made in Excel spreadsheet program which uses a simplex stepping procedure. The aim of the optimization is to minimize the residual sum of squares between measured and calculated values. The aim function can be calculated for any parameter series in the adequate dimension number. During the iteration the residual sum of squares decreases step by step, while the differences will be negligible.

    Keywords: Regression; model; adsorption; pesticide; soil

  • CS. Vadadi-Fülöp ,
    G. Mészáros ,
    GY. Jablonszky ,
    L. Hufnagel :

    Abstract: The Ráckeve-Soroksár Danube has a great importance as it is the second largest side arm in the Hungarian section of the river Danube and many demands of exploitation are expected. The aim of this study is to analyse the spatial and temporal changes of the zooplankton (Copepoda, Cladocera) community in this river arm, moreover the similarity patterns of zooplankton communities in different Hungarian water bodies are presented in special consideration of the Ráckeve-Soroksár Danube. Basically this study is based on data from literature, however our data are also used for compiling the database for the spatio-temporal changes of the Ráckeve-Soroksár Danube. We put emphasis on the three typical sections of the side arm, as these are stressed due to hydromorphological aspects, but creating artificial borders are objectionable as well. The results show that both spatial and temporal changes are evident, what is more, the stagnant water character of the side arm should be underlined.

    Keywords: Copepoda, Cladocera, fauna, composition