Through our shared cultural and linguistic heritage with the Slavs, the paper aims to draw the attention of Hungarian researchers to the importance of knowledge of Slavic languages and cultures. Slavic studies in Hungary have contributed to the results of Hungarian studies to a considerable extent. Slavic studies are essential for the study of the Hungarian language, but it can also help to place certain Hungarian language categories (e.g., the verb aspect) and tendencies (e.g., the formation of verbs, the large-scale spread of their use and continuous changes) in a broader linguistic context and to understand them better. Without knowledge of the languages and cultures of the Slavic peoples who have lived with us for centuries, the world of Central and Eastern Europe cannot be understood, nor can the specific interculturality that is so characteristic of our area. After summarising the conclusions, the study ends with a call to learn about Slavic languages.
Slavic languages, Slavic studies, Hungarology, East-Central Europe
The application of the rule systems of billiards, cards and chess in the depicted objectivity of literary works relates to certain life situations as a virtual external symbol in which either the place or the impulse can get to be known with precision. This is the indeterminacy relation in particle physics. In other words, billiards, card, chess and the system of rules related to these is the impulse, i.e., the symbol, which is a sign. Only those familiar with symbols understand the application of a system of rules, for other persons the linguistic representation is either meaningless or a comical impossibility. The works of Gárdonyi, Karinthy, Weöres, Tandori and other authors provide examples of this study.
literary work and billiards, card, chess, indeterminacy relation, symbol, rule system, Géza Gárdonyi, Frigyes Karinthy, Sándor Weöres, Dezső Tandori
Jókai Mór’s two short stories written in the 1850s (A Kardvas és a Villám and Mégsem lesz belőle tekintetes asszony) prove the writer’s versatility. A Kardvas és Villám is a short story with a historical and Turkish theme about rulers. Mégsem lesz belőle tekintetes asszony takes place in Jókai’s time during the war of independence. Its characters are industrial families from Debrecen and its main character is a young butcher from Debrecen. The historical short story has a complicated structure: it is characterised by many branches; the short story with a contemporary Hungarian theme has a straight, linear course with an internal story. The historical short story is lofty in some places, the Debrecen-themed one has a simple style throughout the storyline. Both speak to the present, relate to their audience, encourage and inspire their readers. Key aspects of the rhetorical-stylistic analysis: situation, structure, argument, proposition, style.
Jókai Mór, short story, rhetorical-stylistic analysis, A Kardvas és a Villám, Mégsem lesz belőle tekintetes asszony, situation, structure, argumentation, style
Petőfi 200
Network research is a relatively new discipline and its application in linguistics is more recent. The first part of this study is a brief introduction of the relation of network research and linguistics. The second part describes the function of repetition in Petőfi’s oeuvre. The third part examines the motifs of the ocean and the sea in Petőfi’s poetry and prose. The frequently repeated motives in Petőfi’s texts can be related to each other both formally – as unchanging or variational repetition – and semantically, thus forming a network throughout the oeuvre. The authors also consider the principle of centrum-periphery in their analysis of the recurring motives, which in the various texts mostly form figures of expansion. In the figures the recurring dominant element is the central motive, and its contextual relation has a stronger or weaker grammatical and lexico-semantical relationship with other linguistic elements. The novelty of the study lies in the consideration of variativity, the application of the centre-periphery principle and the examination of the network-like connectivity of motives.
network research, motif, repetition, figures of expansion, variativity, network-like connectivity, centre-periphery principle
The two most controversial poems in Hungarian poetry are Petőfi Sándor’s Szeptember végén and Áprily Lajos’ Március. Both consist of dactylic Alcmanian tetrameter, such lines/colons, yet some authors interpret them as anapestic. In my study, I emphasize the dactylic reading and how it can be sounded with the three main moments of the melodic stress system, namely volume, rising, falling and their feasible combinations.
composition, melodic stress system, volume, dactyl, anapestus, Szeptember végén by Petőfi Sándor, Március by Áprily Lajos
Jogi nyelv
To establish the testamentary nature of the document, it must at least appear to be from the testator and contain a declaration for the case of death which shows that it is testamentary. The declaration of the testator’s will always requires careful consideration and precise, unambiguous wording on the part of the testator. The will is interpreted in accordance with the principle of intent, as opposed to other legal declarations where the declaratory principle is more important. The notary who conducts the probate proceedings may confine himself to ascertaining the (ordinary) grammatical meaning and the further work necessary to ascertain the testator’s will may be carried out by the court hearing the succession proceedings. According to the principle established in case-law, a will must be interpreted in such a way as to give the widest possible effect to the testator’s wishes and to ensure that the will is valid and remains in force. It may not be possible to establish beyond doubt the testator’s real intention by applying this method. In such cases, the will will not (necessarily) be overturned, but further efforts will have to be made to ascertain the testator’s intention. The present paper reviews such cases from the judicial practice of the last decades.
testament, interpretation, testamentary principle, mens testatoris, vocabulary, hereditary name, nickname
The clarity of norms is a constitutional requirement derived from the rule of law through the principle of legal certainty, which obliges the legislator to create a meaningful and clear normative content that can be always recognised in the course of law application and for all legislation. This essay examines the fulfilment of the requirement of clarity of norms in two different cases related to public procurement legislation.
norm clarity, interpretation of the law, public procurement, reserve margin, additional work
Szemle
Egyebek