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Magyar Nyelvőr135. évfolyam 3. szám (2011. július-szeptember)

Tartalom

  • Bańczerowski Janusz :
    Az információk fontosságát jelző metatextémák [130.51 kB - PDF]EPA-00188-00064-0010

    Metatextemes indicating the importance of information introduced in a text

    With the help of metatextemes discussed in this paper, the sender highlights the importance of certain fragments of her own text, making these fragments more conspicuous than all the others. When the sender, on the basis of the knowledge she possesses, makes a proposition, she assesses/ ranks all pieces of information and decides which ones are crucial or essential to the extent that the metatextemes at hand are required to draw the receiver’s attention to them, to make the receiver aware of them. The reason for this is that the pieces of information that the sender chooses to enhance in this manner are indispensable for the correct understanding of the proposition, where ‘correct’ means one that is in accordance with the sender’s intentions. The indication and highlighting of the importance of pieces of information is done in the following ways. 1. Metatextemes like meg kell jegyezni, hogy… ‘it is to be noted that…’, meg kell említeni, hogy… ‘it is to be mentioned that…’, figyelmet kell fordítani arra a tényre, hogy… ‘we have to pay attention to the fact that…’, figyelemmel kell lenni arra a tényre, hogy… ‘we have to be aware of the fact that…’, észre kell venni, hogy… ‘we have to notice that…’, ki kell emelni… ‘it is to be emphasised that…’, etc. contain the statement that the introduction of the associated proposition is necessary. 2. Metatextemes like tegyük hozzá, hogy… ‘let us add that…’, hozzá kell tenni, hogy… ‘we must add that…’, emlékezzünk arra, hogy… ‘recall that…’, vegyük észre, hogy… ‘notice that…’, jegyzzük meg, hogy… ‘let me remark that…’, etc. suggest that the associated proposition offers important additional pieces of information. 3. Metatextemes like érdemes megemlíteni, hogy… ‘it is worth mentioning that…’, érdemes észrevenni, hogy… ‘it is worth noticing that…’, érdemes ráirányítani a figyelmet arra, hogy… ‘it is worth turning our attention to the fact that…’, érdemes kiemelni, hogy… ‘it is worth 55emphasising that…’, etc. state that the associated proposition makes valuable pieces of information available. Finally, 4. Metatextemes like figyelemre méltó az a tény, hogy… ‘it is noteworthy that…’, fontos az, hogy… ‘it is important that…’, lényeges az, hogy… ‘it is essential that…’, érdekes az a tény, hogy… ‘it is interesting that…’, jellemző az, hogy… ‘it is typical that…’, etc. contain explicit assessment.

    Keywords: metatext, metatextual operators (metatextemes), explicit characterisation and assessment

  • Bölcskei Andrea :
    A szabványügy és a magyar nyelv [110.58 kB - PDF]EPA-00188-00064-0020

    Standardization and the Hungarian language: the online sources of standardization providing information, terminological aids and education

    The paper emphasizes the social and economic benefits of applying standards in industry and in services; moreover, it briefly presents the scenes and tasks of official standardization processes on the basis of information provided by the websites of some national (e.g. ANSI, BSI, HZN, MSZT, SIST), regional (e.g. CEN, CENELEC, ETSI) and international (e.g. ISO, IEC, ITU-T) standardization institutions. The author also discusses the most important online sources of standardized and harmonized terminology (e.g. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, Electropedia, ISO Concept Database, terminology standards) and describes two standardization related educational portals (BSI Education and StandardsLearn Portal). As all relevant online material with respect to standardization is available in English, in the rapidly changing world of technology, Hungarians, in the long run, must face the danger of reduction in Hungarian specialised language variations, especially when terminology is concerned – unless native Hungarian standardization professionals, linguists and terminologists begin to elaborate and adopt adequate methods of corpus planning in the near future for the specialised variants of the Hungarian language.

    Keywords: standardization, terminology harmonization, terminology policy, corpus planning, websites

Nyelv és stílus

  • Simon Gábor :

    Referential scaffolding - about the pragmatic motivation of rhyme

    The study examines the pragmatic motivation of the meaning of rhyme, from a functional-cognitive vantage point. In this approach it is the verbal interaction (regarding as a joint attentional interaction) within which the pragmatic function of rhyme can be grasped as a referential scaffolding function. Rhyme is not a secondary rhythmical element of the text, but an essential structure of construal, while it contributes both in the conceptualization of the referential event or entity (through conceptual integration) and in the directing of attention to it (through activating it repeatedly as a focus of consciousness, within the mental space configuration of the discourse). By means of these processes the rhyme offers conceptual scaffolding through which the conceptualizations can be developed and coordinated, in the intersubjective act of reference.

    In this paper I go into the details of the referential scaffolding function of rhyme by examining it in verbal advertisements, in a nursery rhyme and in literary texts. These examples show that the referential scaffolding function of rhyme is quite complex: it has an interactional-active and an intersubjective-cognitive aspect. These are foregrounded to a varying extent during the interpretation of the given utterance.

    Keywords: rhyme, functional-cognitive pragmatics, joint attentional scene, act of reference, intersubjectivity, scaffolding, mental space, conceptual integration, focus of consciousness, intentionality

  • Kiss Margit ,
    Tüskés Gábor :
    A Mikes-szótár. Kutatási beszámoló [97.79 kB - PDF]EPA-00188-00064-0040

    Mikes Dictionary. Interim report

    This paper reports on some initial results and plans for the future of a project (OTKA K 81337) that started in April 2010 and whose final aim is to produce a Mikes Dictionary. After specifying the purpose of the project and the material to be used, the authors survey the extant Hungarian literature on the topic, including glossaries of the oeuvre of Kelemen Mikes (1690–1761). Then, they mention some works written abroad, especially in German, that are also examples of computer-assisted writers’ dictionaries like the envisioned Mikes Dictionary. Next, they give a detailed account of the major phases of dictionary making from the digitalisation of texts up to the actual writing of the entries. Furthermore, they deal with specific theoretical issues arising with respect to the present dictionary that have to be clarified in each of the phases of work. Against the background of actual tasks, it is now easier to see what the unresolved and even unexplored issues are with respect to Mikes’ oeuvre in general, issues for which work on the Dictionary may provide thorough discussion and even solutions. The authors specify a number of areas yet to be explored in this manner.

    Keywords: dictionary, Kelemen Mikes, computer-assisted lexicography

A nyelvtudomány műhelyéből

  • Horváth László :

    A historical corpus study of Hungarian vowel harmony

    This paper offers a counter-proof and complementation of Horváth (1997). In that paper, the author conducted a questionnaire study on variation in palatal vs. velar harmony on a 50-word sample, with the participation of university students as subjects. This time, he studies the behaviour of the same 50 words in a corpus of texts written between 1772 and 2000. He compares the corpus results with the former test results, as well as with claims made in a few handbooks and dictionaries. Obviously, he was especially interested in whether a diachronic change can be observed in the harmonic suffixation of certain words or with respect to the whole of the word material studied. He extended the scope of his historical corpus study to the validation of claims made in the relevant literature and the resolution of certain inconsistencies found there, as well as to some additional words that had not figured in his earlier study but whose behaviour might be of interest. In further research, he plans to involve a corpus of spontaneous speech, too.

    Keywords: historical corpus, vowel harmony, neutral vowels, variable suffixation, diachronic change

  • Bodányi Ákos :
    "Ami az x-et illeti" szerkezetek tulajdonságairól [92.91 kB - PDF]EPA-00188-00064-0060

    On the properties of the Hungarian construction ami az x-et illeti ‘with respect to x’

    The paper analyses sentences involving the construction ami x-et illeti ‘with respect to x’, primarily in an information structural perspective, in a generative linguistics framework. One result of the analysis is the claim that in such sentences, x behaves as a topic, that is, as a logical subject assumed to be known both for speaker and listener about which the predicate of the main clause makes a proposition. Another important observation is that there are two major types of sentences involving ami x-et illeti. The main difference between the two types is that, in one of them, the main clause includes a pronoun that is coreferent with the NP of the ami-clause, whereas in the other type, there is no argument slot corresponding to that NP, either free or bound by a pronoun.

    Keywords: topic, information structure, generative syntax, complex sentence

  • Hargitai Evelin :

    On the language use of the Portuguese-speaking diaspora in Hungary

    This paper discusses the language use of Portuguese-speaking immigrants living in Hungary. The lusophone community of this country has a few hundred members coming from Brazil, Portugal, Angola, or Mozambique. The paper discusses issues of bi- and multilingualism in these groups, the factors determining their code selection, issues of learning Hungarian as a foreign language, and linguistic attitudes. It covers interference phenomena occurring in Portuguese–Hungarian bilingual language use, as well as code switching strategies that these speakers exhibit in their discourse in Hungarian. An attempt is made at the delimitation of occasional borrowings and cases of singleword code switching from one another. The source of linguistic examples is a corpus complied by means of interviews and questionnaires.

    Keywords: bilingualism, immigrant, lusophone, interference, code switching

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